Structural features of steam air preheater

1. Basic components of steam air preheater

The steam air preheater is mainly composed of shell, heat exchange element, steam inlet pipe, air inlet pipe, air outlet pipe, condensate outlet pipe and other parts.

Shell

The shell is the external structure of the steam air preheater, usually welded by steel plates. Its function is to accommodate heat exchange elements, provide circulation channels for steam and air, and protect internal components from the influence of the external environment. The design of the shell should take into account factors such as strength, sealing and corrosion resistance to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the equipment.

Heat exchange element

The heat exchange element is the core component of the steam air preheater, and its function is to realize heat exchange between steam and air. Common heat exchange elements include finned tubes, plate heat exchangers, etc.

The finned tube is composed of a base tube and a fin. The base tube is usually made of steel tube or copper tube, and the fin is fixed to the base tube by welding, extrusion, etc. The function of the fin is to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The plate heat exchanger is composed of a series of parallel metal plates, and steam and air flow between the plates to exchange heat through the metal plates.

Steam inlet pipe and condensate outlet pipe

The steam inlet pipe is used to introduce steam into the steam air preheater, and the condensate outlet pipe is used to discharge the condensate produced after heat exchange. The design of the steam inlet pipe and the condensate outlet pipe should take into account factors such as the flow rate, pressure and temperature of the steam to ensure that the steam can smoothly enter the preheater and the condensate can be discharged in time.

Air inlet pipe and air outlet pipe

The air inlet pipe is used to introduce cold air into the steam air preheater, and the air outlet pipe is used to discharge the preheated hot air. The design of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe should take into account factors such as the flow rate, pressure and temperature of the air to ensure that the air can smoothly pass through the preheater and transport the hot air to the required place.

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2. Structural features of steam air preheater

Compact structural design

Steam air preheater usually adopts compact structural design to reduce the volume and floor space of the equipment.

For example, finned tube heat exchanger can increase the heat exchange area by increasing the density and height of the fins, so as to achieve efficient heat exchange in a smaller volume. Plate heat exchanger can further reduce the volume of the equipment by stacking multiple metal plates together to form a compact heat exchange unit.

Good sealing

Steam air preheater needs to operate at higher pressure and temperature, so it must have good sealing. The connection between the shell and the heat exchange element should adopt reliable sealing methods, such as welding, flange connection, etc., to prevent steam and air leakage.

Each inlet and outlet pipe of the equipment should also be equipped with sealing devices, such as valves, gaskets, etc., to ensure the sealing of the system.

Efficient heat exchange performance

The main function of the steam air preheater is to realize heat exchange between steam and air, so it must have efficient heat exchange performance. The design of the heat exchange element should take into account factors such as the flow characteristics, heat transfer coefficient and resistance loss of the fluid to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

The structural design of the equipment should also be conducive to the flow of fluid and the transfer of heat, such as adopting a reasonable flow channel layout, adding a flow disturbance device, etc.

Corrosion and wear resistance

During operation, the steam air preheater will be affected by corrosive substances in steam and air, as well as the scouring and wear of the fluid. Therefore, the material selection and structural design of the equipment should take into account the corrosion and wear resistance.

For example, the heat exchange element can be made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, etc.; the shell can be coated with anti-corrosion or lined with anti-corrosion materials to improve the corrosion resistance. At the same time, the structural design of the equipment should also minimize the scouring and wear of the fluid, such as adopting a reasonable flow channel shape, adding protective devices, etc.

Easy to maintain and clean

During the long-term operation of the steam air preheater, the heat exchange element may be blocked, corroded, and worn, so regular maintenance and cleaning are required. The structural design of the equipment should take into account the requirements for easy maintenance and cleaning, such as using detachable heat exchange elements, setting cleaning ports and discharge ports, etc.

The operation and maintenance of the equipment should also be simple and convenient to reduce maintenance costs and improve equipment reliability.